Covid-19 Sentry

Contents

• From Preprints
• From Clinical Trials
• From PubMed
• From Patent Search

From Preprints

• Assessing the effectiveness of portable HEPA air cleaners for reducing particulate matter exposure in King County, Washington homeless shelters during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for community congregate settings -

  Over four thousand portable air cleaners (PACs) with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters were distributed by Public Health - Seattle & King County to homeless shelters during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of these HEPA PACs in reducing indoor particles and understand the factors that affect their use in homeless shelters. Four rooms across three homeless shelters with varying geographic locations and operating conditions were enrolled in this study. At each shelter, multiple PACs were deployed based on the room volume and PAC′s clean air delivery rate rating. The energy consumption of these PACs was measured using energy data loggers at 1-min intervals to allow tracking of their use and fan speed for three two-week sampling rounds, separated by single-week gaps, between February and April 2022. Total optical particle number concentration (OPNC) was measured at 2-min intervals at multiple indoor locations and an outdoor ambient location. The empirical indoor and outdoor total OPNC were compared for each site. Additionally, linear mixed-effects regression models (LMERs) were used to assess the relationship between PAC use time and indoor/outdoor ratios of total OPNC (I/O_OPNC). Based on the LMER models, one percent increase in the hourly, daily and total time PACs were used significantly reduced I/O_OPNC by 0.34 [95% CI: 0.28, 0.40], 0.51 [95% CI: 0.20, 0.78], 2.52 [95% CI: 1.50, 3.28], respectively, indicating that keeping PACs on resulted in significantly lower I/O_OPNC or relatively lower indoor total OPNC than outdoors. The post-hoc survey suggested that keeping PACs on and running was the main challenge when operating them in shelters. These findings suggested that HEPA PACs were an effective short-term strategy to reduce indoor particle levels in community congregate living settings during non-wildfire seasons and the need for formulating practical guidance for using them in such an environment.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Assessing the effectiveness of portable HEPA air cleaners for reducing particulate matter exposure in King County, Washington homeless shelters during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for community congregate settings
• ONE ASSAY TO TEST THEM ALL: COMPARING MULTIPLEX ASSAYS FOR EXPANSION OF RESPIRATORY VIRUS SURVEILLANCE -

  Background: Molecular multiplex assays (MPAs) for simultaneous detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in a single RT-PCR reaction reduce time and increase efficiency to identify multiple pathogens with overlapping clinical presentation but different treatments or public health implications. Methods: Clinical performance of XpertXpress SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV (Cepheid, GX), TaqPathTM COVID-19, FluA/B, RSV Combo kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, TP), and PowerChekTM SARS-CoV-2/Influenza A&B/RSV Multiplex RT-PCR kit II (KogeneBiotech, PC) was compared to individual Standards of Care (SoC). Thirteen isolates of SARS-CoV-2, human seasonal influenza, and avian influenza served to assess limit of detection (LoD). Then, positive and negative residual nasopharyngeal specimens, collected under public health surveillance and pandemic response served for evaluation. Subsequently, comparison of effectiveness was assessed. Results: The three MPAs confidently detect all lineages of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. MPA-LoDs vary from 1-2 Log10 differences from SoC depending on assay and strain. Clinical evaluation resulted in overall agreement between 97% and 100%, demonstrating a high accuracy to detect all targets. Existing differences in costs, testing burden and implementation constraints influence the choice in primary or community settings. Conclusion: TP, PC and GX, reliably detect SARS-CoV-2, influenza and RSV simultaneously, with reduced time-to-results and simplified workflows. MPAs have the potential to enhancediagnostics, surveillance system, and epidemic response to drive policy on prevention and control of viral respiratory infections.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: ONE ASSAY TO TEST THEM ALL: COMPARING MULTIPLEX ASSAYS FOR EXPANSION OF RESPIRATORY VIRUS SURVEILLANCE
• Evaluation of Potential Adverse Events Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination Among Adults Aged 65 Years and Older: A Self-Controlled Study in the U.S. -

  Background Our near-real-time safety monitoring of 16 adverse events (AEs) following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination identified potential elevations in risk for six AEs following primary series and monovalent booster dose administration. The crude association with AEs does not imply causality. Accordingly, we conducted robust evaluations of the potential associations. Methods We conducted self-controlled case series studies of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) in U.S. Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older. Adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated following primary series doses for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), pulmonary embolism (PE), immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); and following booster doses for AMI, PE, ITP, Bells Palsy (BP) and Myocarditis/Pericarditis (Myo/Peri). Results Among 3,360,981 individuals who received 6,388,542 primary series doses and 6,156,100 individuals with monovalent booster doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, AE counts were: AMI (3,653 primary series, 16,042 booster), inpatient PE (2,470 primary, 5,085 booster), ITP (1,085 primary, 88 booster), DIC (254 primary), BP (3,268 booster), and Myo/Peri (1,295 booster). The IRR for inpatient PE cases following BNT162b2 primary series and booster was 1.19 (95% CI: 1.03 to 1.38) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78 to 0.95), respectively; and for mRNA-1273 primary series and booster, 1.15 (95% CI: 0.94 to 1.41) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79 to 0.96), respectively. The IRR for BP following BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 booster was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.06 to 1.29) and 1.16 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.29), respectively. Conclusion In these two studies of the U.S. elderly we did not find an increased risk for AMI, ITP, DIC, and Myo/Peri; the results were not consistent for PE; and there was a small elevated risk of BP after exposure to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. These results support the favorable safety profile of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines administered in the elderly.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Evaluation of Potential Adverse Events Following COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination Among Adults Aged 65 Years and Older: A Self-Controlled Study in the U.S.
• THE INFLUENCE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE QUALITY OF NURSING SERVICES IN SURGERY AND INTERNAL DISEASE CARE ROOMS IN 2021 BAUBAU CITY HOSPITAL -
  Service quality must start from customer needs and end with customer satisfaction and positive perceptions of the services provided. However, the challenge is that the customer’s assessment of the service they receive is more subjective. To increase the utilization of health facilities, it is necessary to make corrections to public perceptions so that they are able to meet the expectations of consumers. If the customer is satisfied with good service, then the consumer will show a great opportunity to make a repeat purchase. COVID19 Worker Health Promotion must be regulated in terms of changes, from the implementation of COVID19 management instructions, new guidelines must be made, changes in nurse-patient interaction, with personal protective equipment (PPE), Covid19 fear or transmitting fear or transmitting. This new habit can affect the quality of care services The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the Covid 19 pandemic on the quality of nursing services in the Surgical and Disease Treatment rooms in the Baubau City Hospital in 2021. This type of research is a descriptive study using a cross-sectional approach. Therefore, it is a type of investigation that emphasizes measuring time only once at this point. The results showed that there was no influence between the Covid-19 pandemic on the quality of nursing services in the internal medicine and surgery rooms at Baubau Hospital in 2021, with a p-value = 0.230 or greater than a = 0.05, It is hoped that the hospital will maintain the quality standards provided by nurses in the surgical treatment room and those related to diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic so that patient satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic always feels pleasant.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: THE INFLUENCE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE QUALITY OF NURSING SERVICES IN SURGERY AND INTERNAL DISEASE CARE ROOMS IN 2021 BAUBAU CITY HOSPITAL
• THE INFLUENCE OF WORKLOAD ON NURSE WORK STRESS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN FLAMBOYAN AND INTERNA ROOMS AT RSUD KOTA BAUBAU 2021 -
  Job stress is a condition in which there is interaction between humans and work and is characterized by human changes that prevent it from having an impact on normal functioning. all professional employees in the hospital are at risk of experiencing stress, but nurses have a higher level of stress The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of workload on nurses’ work stress during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Flamboyan and Interna Rooms at the Baubau City Hospital. This type of investigation uses analytical investigations to find out how and why phenomena occur. A cross-sectional design simultaneously studying the two independent variables was adopted. The purpose of this study was to find out whether workload had an impact on the work pressure of Flamboyán and nurses at the Baubau City Hospital during the Covid19 pandemic. The results of the study showed that the most interviewees were moderate workload and moderate work stress, namely 25 people (17.80) and 8 respondents who had work stress (18.50). As long as people with high workloads with 8 types of heavy work stress (18.50). Based on the results of the Kruskal Wallis H-Test analysis with a value of & agr; 0.016 (α < 0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is an effect of burden on nurses’ work stress.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: THE INFLUENCE OF WORKLOAD ON NURSE WORK STRESS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN FLAMBOYAN AND INTERNA ROOMS AT RSUD KOTA BAUBAU 2021
• Assessment of mobilization strategies in the Philippines to address repeated public hesitancy on COVID-19 vaccine -
  The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to the current mobilization strategies in the country to address repeated public hesitancy on COVID-19 vaccine.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Assessment of mobilization strategies in the Philippines to address repeated public hesitancy on COVID-19 vaccine
• Comparative effectiveness of Paxlovid versus sotrovimab and molnupiravir for preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes in non-hospitalised patients: observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform -

  Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Paxlovid vs. sotrovimab and molnupiravir in preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes in non-hospitalised high-risk COVID-19 adult patients. Design: With the approval of NHS England, we conducted a real-world cohort study using the OpenSAFELY-TPP platform. Setting: Patient-level electronic health record data were obtained from 24 million people registered with a general practice in England that uses TPP software. The primary care data were securely linked with data on COVID-19 infection and therapeutics, hospital admission, and death within the OpenSAFELY-TPP platform, covering a period where both Paxlovid and sotrovimab were first-line treatment options in community settings. Participants: Non-hospitalised adult COVID-19 patients at high risk of severe outcomes treated with Paxlovid, sotrovimab or molnupiravir between February 11, 2022 and October 1, 2022. Interventions: Paxlovid, sotrovimab or molnupiravir administered in the community by COVID-19 Medicine Delivery Units. Main outcome measure: COVID-19 related hospitalisation or COVID-19 related death within 28 days after treatment initiation. Results: A total of 7683 eligible patients treated with Paxlovid (n=4836) and sotrovimab (n=2847) were included in the main analysis. The mean age was 54.3 (SD=14.9) years; 64% were female, 93% White and 93% had three or more COVID-19 vaccinations. Within 28 days after treatment initiation, 52 (0.68%) COVID-19 related hospitalisations/deaths were observed (33 (0.68%) treated with Paxlovid and 19 (0.67%) with sotrovimab). Cox proportional hazards model stratified by region showed that after adjusting for demographics, high-risk cohort categories, vaccination status, calendar time, body mass index and other comorbidities, treatment with Paxlovid was associated with a similar risk of outcome event as treatment with sotrovimab (HR=1.14, 95% CI: 0.62 to 2.08; P=0.673). Results from propensity score weighted Cox model also showed comparable risks in these two treatment groups (HR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.45 to 1.71; P=0.700). An exploratory analysis comparing Paxlovid users with 802 molnupiravir users (11 (1.37%) COVID-19 related hospitalisations/deaths) showed some evidence in favour of Paxlovid but with variation in the effect estimates between models (HR ranging from 0.26 to 0.61). Conclusion: In routine care of non-hospitalised high-risk adult patients with COVID-19 in England, no substantial difference in the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes was observed between those who received Paxlovid and sotrovimab between February and October 2022, when different subvariants of Omicron were dominant.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Comparative effectiveness of Paxlovid versus sotrovimab and molnupiravir for preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes in non-hospitalised patients: observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform
• Overcrowded Housing Reduces COVID-19 Mitigation Measures and Lowers Emotional Health Among San Diego Refugees from September to November of 2020 -

  Refugee communities are vulnerable to housing insecurity, which drives numerous health disparity outcomes in a historically marginalized population. The COVID-19 pandemic has only worsened the ongoing affordable housing crisis in the United States while continuing to highlight disparities in health outcomes across populations. We conducted interviewer-administered surveys with refugee and asylum seekers in San Diego County at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic to understand the social effects and drivers of COVID-19 in one of the largest refugee communities in the United States. Staff from a community-based refugee advocacy and research organization administered the surveys from September - November 2020. 544 respondents participated in the survey, which captured the diversity of the San Diego refugee community including East African (38%), Middle Eastern (35%), Afghan (17%), and Southeast Asian (11%) participants. Nearly two-thirds of respondents (65%) reported living in overcrowded conditions (> 1 individual per room) and 30% in severely crowded conditions (> 1.5 individuals per room). Respondents living in affordable housing units or receiving section 8 housing vouchers had a 66% lower probability of living in severely crowded settings (aOR:0.34, 95% CI:0.19 - 0.61). Refugees living in overcrowded and severely overcrowded housing had more than twice the odds to have not accessed COVID-19 testing since the pandemic began (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.38 - 3.78) and had nearly 4 times the odds to report lower emotional health (OR: 3.90, 95% CI: 2.62 - 5.82). Longer United States residency was associated with a 7% reduction in the odds of living in crowded housing per additional year (aOR:0.93, 95% CI:0.90 - 0.97). Overcrowding housing is a structural burden that reduces COVID-19 risk mitigation behaviors. Improved access to affordable housing units or receiving vouchers could reduce overcrowded housing in vulnerable refugee communities.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Overcrowded Housing Reduces COVID-19 Mitigation Measures and Lowers Emotional Health Among San Diego Refugees from September to November of 2020
• Safety of bivalent omicron-containing mRNA-booster vaccines: a nationwide cohort study -

  Background: Safety data to support bivalent omicron-containing mRNA-booster vaccination are lacking. Methods: In a Danish nationwide cohort study from 1 January 2021 to 10 December 2022, we examined the association between bivalent omicron-containing mRNA-booster vaccination as a fourth Covid-19 vaccine dose and risk of adverse events in individuals aged ≥50 years. Using incidence rate ratios estimated with Poisson regression, we compared the rates of hospital visits for 27 different adverse events in a 28-day main risk period following vaccination with a bivalent omicron-containing mRNA-booster vaccine as a fourth dose to reference period rates from day 29 after the third or fourth vaccine dose and onward. Secondary analyses included stratifying by sex, age, and vaccine type and assessing the associations using self-controlled case series and observed vs. expected cohort analyses. Results: 1,740,417 individuals (mean age 67.8 years, standard deviation 10.7) received a bivalent omicron-containing mRNA-booster vaccine as a fourth dose. Fourth dose vaccination with a bivalent omicron-containing booster did not statistically significantly increase the rate of any of the 27 adverse outcomes within 28 days, nor when analyzed according to age, sex, vaccine type, or using alternative analytical approaches. However, post-hoc analysis detected signals for myocarditis (statistically significantly so in females), although the outcome was very rare and findings were based on few cases. No risk of cerebrovascular infarction was found. Conclusions: Bivalent omicron-containing mRNA-booster vaccination as a fourth dose was not associated with an increased risk of 27 different adverse events in 50+-year-olds.

  🖺 Full Text HTML: Safety of bivalent omicron-containing mRNA-booster vaccines: a nationwide cohort study
• Seeing One Another: The Creation of The Sawubona Healing Circles -
  In 2020, The Association of Black Psychologists (ABPsi) drew attention to how the history of racism in the U.S. had created and exacerbated extant medical racial inequities to the detriment of Black people. In recognition that solutions based solely in Western frameworks cannot fully address the mental health needs of Black people, ABPsi began devoting collaborative efforts to develop culturally-grounded healing responses for the unique experiences of race-based invisibility and trauma. Amid the pandemic, people of African-descent also experienced a number of other mass racial traumas, including a wave of widely publicized police violence. Beginning with COVID-19, these intersecting pandemics of racism elucidated the need for healing, particularly culturally-grounding healing. In consultation with the Black Family Summit, ABPsi developed a pilot investigation, the Sawubona Healing Circle (SHC) initiative, which are culturally-grounding healing circles to support Black first-responders. Using an African-centered worldview, the circles recognize and validate the specific constellation of anti- Black traumas and stressors, and equip them with African-centered healing methods. This paper outlines the theory, development, implementation, and initial evaluation of the SHC intervention.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Seeing One Another: The Creation of The Sawubona Healing Circles
• Whole transcriptome profiling of placental pathobiology in SARS-CoV-2 pregnancies identifies a preeclampsia-like gene signature -
  Pregnant people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus have shown a higher incidence of “preeclampsia-like syndrome”. Preeclampsia is a systematic syndrome that affects 5% of people worldwide and is the leading cause of maternal mortality. It is characterised by placental dysfunction, leading to poor placental perfusion, maternal hypertension and neurological disturbances. Here, we used whole-transcriptome, spatial profiling of placental tissues to analyse the expression of genes between placentae from pregnant participants who contracted SARS-CoV-2 and those prior to the pandemic. Our analysis of the trophoblast and villous core stromal cell populations revealed tissue-specific pathways enriched in the SARS-CoV-2 placentae that align with a pre-eclampsia signature. Most notably, we found enrichment of pathways involved in vascular tension, blood pressure, inflammation, and oxidative stress. This study illustrates how spatially resolved transcriptomic analysis can aid in understanding the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy that are thought to induce “preeclampsia-like syndrome”. Our study highlights the benefits of spatial profiling to map the crosstalk between trophoblast and villous core stromal cells linked to pathways involved in “preeclampsia-like syndrome.”
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Whole transcriptome profiling of placental pathobiology in SARS-CoV-2 pregnancies identifies a preeclampsia-like gene signature
• Management of Covid-19 booster mRNA vaccines with Colchicine and NSAIDS -
  An opinion article on the management and prophylaxis of cardiac inflammation during covid19 booster vaccinations in populations at risk. Some jurisdictions have decided on mixing several vaccines to bypass risks posed by one vaccine or the other.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Management of Covid-19 booster mRNA vaccines with Colchicine and NSAIDS
• Drug design of anti-covid19 agents -
  The first step to drug development that precedes formulation is drug design. In this commentary the specific design of antiviral agents for Covid19 and future viruses, which can be achieved with different strategies, is highlighted. An extended release type of formulation would be ideal for site-specific antivirals however early in vitro or toxicology screening is very important. A lot of preparations are already available to be exploited. Conversely, some are available for pediatric use, i.e lung surfactants, which understandably the supply of is aimed at premature children. New lung surfactant design for adults could however be also incentivised which may help re-establishing autonomous respiration (autonomically mediated) post-covid19 infection of the individual. The surfactants could also help counteract dyspnea which is sometimes a known side effect of antiviral agents.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: Drug design of anti-covid19 agents
• COVID-19 mutation variant mechanism -
  The UK government has recently announced how the Covid19 virus has mutated, causing a surge in the cases in Essex, and other parts of England, however, this mutation had already been observed later in the Summer 2020 in a population of Minks and in Denmark. A “prescient” analysis of the mutation is explored in this short paper. Potential symptoms may involve not just high fever but more infections due to major cough expulsion from increased hydrosolubility of the viral proteins.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: COVID-19 mutation variant mechanism
• The effectiveness of masks and modern sterilization strategies being forgotten in current pandemic -
  Short communication written on 3rd April 2020 while essentially travelling amid the Covid-19 epidemic.
  🖺 Full Text HTML: The effectiveness of masks and modern sterilization strategies being forgotten in current pandemic

From Clinical Trials

• Digital Tools to Expand COVID-19 Testing in Exposed Individuals in Cameroon - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Other: Digital based contact tracing
  Sponsors:   Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation;   Find
  Recruiting

• Evaluation of the Outcome of COVID-19 Patients Discharged Home on Oxygen Therapy - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Other: Phone satisfaction questionnaire
  Sponsor:   Centre Hospitalier René Dubos
  Not yet recruiting

• Postural Changes and Severe COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Behavioral: Postural interventions based on pulmonary imaging
  Sponsor:   Wuhan Union Hospital, China
  Recruiting

• A Chatbot to Enhance COVID-19 Knowledge - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Device: chatbot;   Other: Printed educational booklet
  Sponsor:   Sun Yat-sen University
  Not yet recruiting

• Awaken Prone Positioning Ventinlation in COVID-19 Patients - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Procedure: Awaken prone positioning ventilation
  Sponsor:   Southeast University, China
  Enrolling by invitation

• Study of SHEN26 Capsule in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: SHEN26 dose 1;   Drug: SHEN26 dose 2;   Drug: SHEN26 placebo
  Sponsor:   Shenzhen Kexing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
  Recruiting

• Bright Light Therapy for Post-COVID-19 Fatigue - Condition:   Post COVID-19 Condition
  Interventions:   Device: Bright light therapy;   Device: Dim red light therapy
  Sponsor:   Chinese University of Hong Kong
  Not yet recruiting

• Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Meplazumab for Injection Patients COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Biological: Meplazumab foe injection;   Other: Normal saline
  Sponsor:   Jiangsu Pacific Meinuoke Bio Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
  Not yet recruiting

• Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Meplazumab for Injection in Severe Patients With COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Biological: Meplazumab for injection;   Other: Normal saline
  Sponsor:   Jiangsu Pacific Meinuoke Bio Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
  Not yet recruiting

• A Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of QLS1128 Orally in Symptomatic Participants With Mild to Moderate COVID-19 - Condition:   COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: QLS1128;   Drug: Placebo
  Sponsor:   Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
  Recruiting

• Oropharyngeal Immunoprophylaxis With High Polyphenolic Olive Oil as Clinical Spectrum Mitigating Factor in COVID-19. - Condition:   COVID-19
  Intervention:   Dietary Supplement: High polyphenolic olive oil. (Early harvest olive oil).
  Sponsor:   Hospital General Nuestra Señora del Prado
  Completed

• A Randomized, Phase I Study of DNA Vaccine OC-007 as a Booster Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine - Conditions:   COVID-19 Respiratory Infection;   COVID-19 Vaccine Adverse Reaction
  Interventions:   Biological: DNA vaccine OC-007;   Other: Placebo
  Sponsor:   Matti Sällberg
  Not yet recruiting

• Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of FB2001 for Inhalation in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19 - Condition:   Mild to Moderate COVID-19
  Interventions:   Drug: FB2001;   Drug: FB2001 placebo
  Sponsor:   Frontier Biotechnologies Inc.
  Recruiting

• UC-MSCs in the Treatment of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Patients - Conditions:   Mesenchymal Stem Cell;   COVID-19 Pneumonia
  Interventions:   Biological: umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells;   Drug: paxlovid
  Sponsor:   Shanghai East Hospital
  Recruiting

• A Study of Positive Emotions With Long COVID-19 - Condition:   Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
  Intervention:   Behavioral: Microdosing of mindfulness
  Sponsor:   University of California, Davis
  Not yet recruiting

From PubMed

• Valproate Coenzyme-A Conjugate Blocks Opening of Receptor Binding Domains in the Spike Trimer of SARS-CoV-2 through an Allosteric Mechanism - The receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer exhibit “up” and “down” conformations often targeted by neutralizing antibodies. Only in the “up” configuration can RBDs bind to the ACE2 receptor of the host cell and initiate the process of viral multiplication. Here, we identify a lead compound (3-oxo-valproate-coenzyme A conjugate or Val-CoA) that stabilizes the spike trimer with RBDs in the down conformation. Val-CoA interacts with three R408 residues, one from each RBD,…

• Causal associations of tea intake with COVID-19 infection and severity - Tea ingredients can effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection at adequate concentrations. It is not known whether tea intake could impact the susceptibility to COVID-19 or its severity. We aimed to evaluate the causal effects of tea intake on COVID-19 outcomes. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess the causal associations between tea intake (N = 441,279) and three COVID-19 outcomes, including SARS-CoV-2 infection (122,616 cases and 2,475,240 controls), hospitalized COVID-19…

• SARS-CoV-2 N protein mediates intercellular nucleic acid dispersion, a feature reduced in Omicron - The coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein is known to bind to nucleic acids and facilitate viral genome encapsulation. Here we report that N protein can mediate RNA or DNA entering neighboring cells through ACE2-independent, receptor (STEAP2)-mediated endocytosis, and achieve gene expression. The effect is more pronounced for the N protein of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 than that of Omicron variant and other human coronaviruses. This effect is enhanced by RANTES (CCL5), a chemokine induced by N protein,…

• 6-Shogaol Exhibits Anti-viral and Anti-inflammatory Activity in COVID-19-Associated Inflammation by Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasomes - Recent global health concern motivated the exploration of natural medicinal plant resources as an alternative target for treating COVID-19 infection and associated inflammation. In the current study, a phytochemical, 6-shogaol [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)dec-4-en-3-one; 6-SHO] was investigated as a potential anti-inflammatory and anti-COVID-19 agent. In virus release assay, 6-SHO efficiently (94.5%) inhibited SARS-CoV2 replication. When tested in the inflammasome activation model, 6-SHO…

• Is the information on infection prevention measures against COVID-19 reaching the target audience? A cross-sectional survey among eating and drinking services in Tokyo, Japan - CONCLUSION: Current information dissemination methods for information on COVID-19 infection control may not successfully convey information or reach their target populations. This study indicates the need for specific expressions and layouts to effectively share information on COVID-19. Also, special means of communication must be established to cater to individuals aged 60 and above.

• Bionics design of affinity peptide inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 RBD to block SARS-CoV-2 RBD-ACE2 interactions - Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), has already posed serious threats and impacts on the health of the population and the country’s economy. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and practical application value to better understand the process of COVID-19 infection and develop effective therapeutic drugs. It is known that the receptor-binding structural domain (SARS-CoV-2 RBD) on the spike protein of the novel coronavirus directly mediates its interaction with the host receptor…

• Potential inhibitory properties of structurally modified quercetin/isohamnetin glucosides against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro; molecular docking and dynamics simulation strategies - Concerned organizations and individuals are fully engaged in seeking appropriate measures towards managing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV-2) infection because of the unprecedented economic and health impact. SAR-CoV-2 Main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) is unique to the survival and viability of the virus. Therefore, inhibition of Mpro can block the viral propagation. Thirty (30) derivatives were built by changing the glucosides in the Meta and para position of quercetin…

• COVID-19 inhibits spermatogenesis in the testes by inducing cellular senescence - Introduction: COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has been linked to organ damage in humans since its worldwide outbreak. It can also induce severe sperm damage, according to research conducted at numerous clinical institutions. However, the exact mechanism of damage is still unknown. Methods: In this study, testicular bulk-RNA-seq Data were downloaded from three COVID-19 patients and three uninfected controls from GEO to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 infection on spermatogenesis. Relative expression of…

• Evaluation of the relationship between acute kidney injury and renin angiotensin system inhibition in COVID-19 patients - CONCLUSION: COVID-19 may cause renal injury represents a risk factor for mortality. Therefore, detection of renal injury has a particular prognostic importance.

• Functional changes in cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell cross-reactivity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant after mRNA vaccination - Understanding the T-cell responses involved in inhibiting COVID-19 severity is crucial for developing new therapeutic and vaccine strategies. Here, we characterized SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD8^(+) T cells in vaccinees longitudinally. The BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine can induce spike-specific CD8^(+) T cells cross-reacting to BA.1, whereas the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire usages decreased with time. Furthermore the mRNA vaccine induced spike-specific CD8^(+) T cells subpopulation expressing…

• From disgusting and complicated to simple and brilliant: Implementation perspectives and lessons learned from users and rejectors of mail-in SARS-CoV-2 gargle tests - CONCLUSION: User-driven insights on how to streamline testing include: consider communication, first impressions of tests and information as key for successful mail-in testing; pay attention to the role of mutual trust between those taking and administering tests; implement gargle self-sampling as a pleasant alternative to swab testing; offer multiple test methods to increase test up-take.

• SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) spike protein adjuvanted with Alum-3M-052 enhances antibody production and neutralization ability - CONCLUSION: Alum-3M-052 rapidly increased the titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.617.2) spike protein neutralizing antibodies and enhanced the neutralization ability against pseudoviruses and variants. This study provided evidence for the application of Alum-3M-052 as an adjuvant in COVID-19 vaccines production.

• SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein activates TMEM16F-mediated platelet procoagulant activity - Thrombosis of the lung microvasculature is a characteristic of COVID-19 disease, which is observed in large excess compared to other forms of acute respiratory distress syndrome and thus suggests a trigger for thrombosis that is endogenous to the lung. Our recent work has shown that the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein activates the cellular TMEM16F chloride channel and scramblase. Through a screening on >3,000 FDA/EMA approved drugs, we identified Niclosamide and Clofazimine as the most effective…

• Caudatin attenuates inflammatory reaction by suppressing JNK/AP-1/NF-κB/caspase-1 pathways in activated HMC-1 cells - One of the interfering factors in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the cytokine storm, which contributes to hyperinflammation. Mast cells cause COVID-19 hyperinflammation by increasing inflammatory cytokine levels. We investigated whether caudatin, an active compound of Cynanchum auriculatum, could suppress inflammatory response signaling in human mast cell line, HMC-1 cells. Caudatin suppressed activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) in HMC-1 cells….

• Efficient Targeted Delivery of Bifunctional Circular Aptamer-ASO Chimera to Suppress the SARS-CoV-2 Proliferation and Inflammation - Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and excessive inflammation is the current task in the prevention and treatment of corona vireus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, a dual-function circular aptamer-ASO chimera (circSApt-NASO) is designed to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication and inflammation. The chemically unmodified circSApt-NASO exhibits high serum stability by artificial cyclization. It is also demonstrated that the SApt binding to spike protein…

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